Musculium securis* (Prime, 1852) Pond Fingernailclam |
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Dredged from small drainage ditch adjacent to the U. S. Post Office at 11700 Beach Blvd., Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida by Patrick Baker (University of Florida/IFAS) on 1/10/2007. The largest specimen illustrated measures 8.5 mm. |
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Single valve in retention pond behind commercial plaza, 9200 block of Philips Highway, southeastern Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida 7/26/2018 |
*All of several authorities consulted render this "securis" vs. "secure." Temple Prime's original description is not in my reach, but I suspect he named his Fingernailclam Cyclas securis. Cyclas Lamarck 1798 is considered a junior synonym of Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777. The generic epithet employed by Lamarck is a feminine noun in Latin (derived from the Greek "Kyklas," diminutive of "Kyklos," the latter a masculine noun), and was thus treated by Lamarck, Say (e.g., 1929: Cyclas transversa) and others. When Musculium Link, 1807 resurfaced, the adjectival species-level epithets of taxa assigned to it had to conform to its neuter gender. Until I looked the word "securis" up, I thought I had a grammatical "gotcha" for the "authorities" as I presumed securis was a third declension adjective (neuter: secure) and "they" forgot to change its gender when the species moved from Cyclas to Musculium. Now that I've "read the directions" (in a Latin dictionary), I know that "securis" is not an adjective but a noun (Eng.: "hatchet"), and an apt cognomen for the illustrated shells. Thus it seems almost certain that Mr. Prime applied the epithet "securis" as an noun-in-apposition, which grammatical status exempts it from gender-agreement with its genus name. The Latin adjective securus -a, -um (Eng.: "free from care") is clearly a different word with different spellings and not at all likely Prime's target. [Harry G. Lee] |